光学图像与SAR图像有何区别?

Browse: 62 Time: 2024-10-12

1、是什么:

光学图像是采用光学摄影系统获取的以感光胶片为介质的图像,通常指可见光和部分红外波段传感器获取的影像数据。

SAR图像由SAR(合成孔径雷达)系统产生,这是一种主动式的对地观测系统,可安装在飞机、卫星、宇宙飞船等飞行平台上,全天时、全天候对地实施观测、并具有一定的地表穿透能力。


2、区别(信息,分辨率,成像机制):

包含信息方面:光学图像通常会包含多个波段的灰度信息,以便于识别目标和分类提取。而SAR图像则只记录了一个波段的回波信息,以二进制复数形式记录下来;但基于每个像素的复数数据可变换提取相应的振幅和相位信息。

分辨率方面:SAR影像分辨率相对较低、信噪比较低,所以SAR影像中所包含的振幅信息远达不到同光学影像的成像水平;但其特有的相位信息是其他传感器所无法获取的,基于相位的干涉建模也是SAR的主要应用方向。

成像机制差别:光学影像通常采用中心投影面域成像或推帚式扫描获取数据;而SAR处于信号处理的需要(合成孔径过程,这里就不展开讨论了)不能采用垂直向下的照射方式而只能通过测视主动成像方式发射和接受面域雷达波,并通过信号处理(聚焦、压缩、滤波等)手段后期合成对应于地面目标的复数像元。


3、在图像分割上的不同:

单一SAR影像的相位信息基本没有统计特征,只有振幅信息可用于目标识别和分类等应用。振幅信息深受噪声的影响,加之SAR影像特有的几何畸变(叠掩、透视收缩、多路径虚假目标等)特征。光学图像在信息量和统计上更易进行图像分割。

虽然光学图像和SAR图像在成像机制、信息内容和应用领域上存在差异,但它们之间也存在互补性。在实际应用中,可以结合使用光学图像和SAR图像,以获得更全面的信息和更准确的分析结果。例如,在目标识别和分类中,可以利用光学图像的高空间分辨率和彩色信息进行初步识别,再利用SAR图像的全天候和时域分辨率监测目标的运动和变化。


以下是我公司系列产品搭载光电吊舱在某地区城市上空飞行试验中获取的光学0.1m和X波段图像数据,可搭载在大中型多旋翼或固定翼无人机上,具有实现多种传感器对同一场景同时进行成像,形成1飞多图的能力。


图1 光学图像


图2 SAR图像

由此上信息可得出结论:
光学图像与SAR图像作为两种重要的遥感成像手段,各自具有独特的成像机制、信息内容和应用领域。在实际应用中,可根据具体需求和场景选择合适的图像类型,或结合使用两者,将能够获取更全面的信息和更准确的分析结果!

Related Information

Related Information
2026.08.28

Tianjing Yunhu | MiniSAR: Full Polarimetric Imaging Capability

In the field of remote sensing today, synthetic aperture radar (SAR), visible light, and infrared together form a multi-layered observation system. Visible light remote sensing is intuitive and clear, while infrared remote sensing excels at thermal sensing. However, both are passive detection methods, heavily reliant on sunlight or the target's own thermal radiation. Once they encounter cloud cover, nightfall, or rainy/foggy weather, their detection capabilities are significantly reduced or even completely lost.
2026.08.26

Tianjing Yunhu | P-band Airborne SAR Radar System

Low-frequency radars (such as P-band and L-band radars) can "see farther and see more clearly" because of their longer wavelengths, lower attenuation, and reduced sensitivity to stealth coatings. In modern air defense systems, they are key to anti-stealth radars. They can penetrate 1-meter-thick camouflage netting and 3-meter-thick bushes to identify hidden tanks and radar stations, and are less likely to trigger enemy warning systems, demonstrating significant advantages in covert detection.
2026.08.21

Tianjing Yunhu | Miniature SAR Vehicle Target Dataset

Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) target detection datasets are a core foundation for training and evaluating deep learning models. These datasets cover various target types, including ships, aircraft, vehicles, bridges, and oil tanks, and are applicable to multiple fields such as military reconnaissance, maritime monitoring, and traffic management. They not only provide high-resolution SAR images but also contain precise annotation information (category, location, size, etc.), ensuring improved algorithm performance.
2026.08.17

Tianjing Yunhu | Miniature SAR Equipped with Fixed-Wing UAV

Today's main focus is on the CW-25E VTOL fixed-wing UAV and the Tianjing Yunhu XiangYun System pulse MiniSAR.

The CW-25E is a pure electric VTOL fixed-wing UAV designed specifically for large-area missions. It has a fuselage length of 2.08 meters, a wingspan of 4.35 meters, and features a twin-boom fused inverted V-tail design, resulting in a compact structure and excellent aerodynamic performance.

The CW-25E has a maximum takeoff weight of 31.58 kg and a payload capacity of 6.6 kg, capable of simultaneously carrying various mission equipment such as SAR, lidar, and electro-optical pods. It boasts a maximum endurance of 150 to 240 minutes, a service ceiling of 6000 meters, a maximum takeoff altitude of 4000 meters, and wind resistance up to level 7. It can stably perform patrol missions in complex terrain and high-altitude areas.
2026.07.18

Tianjing Yunhu | Airborne SAR (Synthetic Aperture Radar) Calibration Capability

Airborne SAR (Synthetic Aperture Radar) calibration refers to the calibration of various parameters of an airborne SAR system using specific methods to eliminate systematic and environmental errors, thereby ensuring the quality of SAR images, positioning accuracy, and the accuracy of inversion parameters. Airborne SAR calibration is mainly divided into three categories: geometric calibration, radiometric calibration, and polarimetric calibration.
2026.07.13

UAV L-band Heavy Orbit Interferometric SAR System: Airborne Verification for Millimeter-Level Deformation Monitoring

Synthetic Aperture Radar Interferometry (InSAR) technology, with its all-weather, 24/7 capability and high sensitivity to surface deformation, has become an important tool for geological hazard monitoring, ground subsidence investigation, and infrastructure health diagnosis. Integrating InSAR technology onto unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) platforms further overcomes the limitations of long satellite revisit cycles, insufficient maneuverability, and high costs associated with manned operations, providing a new approach for regional, high-frequency, and high-precision deformation monitoring. However, the small size and susceptibility of UAV platforms to airflow disturbances make it difficult to maintain consistent flight paths during repeated flights, posing a significant challenge to double-track interferometry processing.

Online Message

Company Address

Company Address

Room 801, Building 14, No. 135 Zhangji Road, Kunshan Development ZoneView the map
Emaile

Email

tjyh888@139.com
Postal Code

Postal Code

215300
Sales contact information

Sales contact information

  • Sales 1:18252999418 (same WeChat)
  • Sales 2:13126758269 (same WeChat/Whatsapp)
  • Sales 3:15862678208 (same WeChat)
  • Sales 4:15895462772 (same WeChat/Whatsapp)
验证码
Submit

Contact Us

关注我们
关注我们